This article provides an overview of three widely used compressor types in industrial, energy, chemical, and refrigeration sectors: screw, centrifugal, and reciprocating piston compressors. Each type is explained in terms of its operating principle, development history, and key technical features. The comparative analysis highlights their respective strengths and limitations, including efficiency, pressure and flow ranges, maintenance requirements, and operational stability. Selection guidelines are summarized based on application needs such as gas properties, pressure, flow rate, and required modulation. Understanding these differences is essential for choosing the optimal compressor for reliable and efficient system performance.